What is the best definition of confirmation bias?

The definition of confirmation bias that refers to the tendency to remember information that agrees with one's beliefs accurately captures the essence of this cognitive bias. Confirmation bias occurs when individuals favor information that reinforces their existing beliefs or hypotheses while disregarding or forgetting information that contradicts them. This bias can affect how people process information, leading them to prioritize or recall supporting evidence more readily than opposing viewpoints.

For example, if someone holds a belief about a particular social or political issue, they are more likely to remember articles, studies, or anecdotes that support that belief while ignoring or downplaying information that challenges it. This selective memory reinforces their original stance, making it harder for them to consider alternative perspectives or update their views based on new evidence.

Understanding confirmation bias is essential in psychology because it highlights how cognitive processes can influence decision-making and belief persistence, often leading to distorted interpretations of reality. This concept sheds light on why people may become entrenched in their views despite the availability of contradictory evidence, illustrating the broader implications for critical thinking and open-mindedness.